To reach the shipping industry’s 2050 (net) zero goal, its fuel needs would require electricity from renewables to increase by up to 3000 TWh, a new report has shown. This is the equivalent of the entire world’s current renewable energy production.
“Fuelling the Fourth Propulsion Revolution” was authored by Professor Dr. Stefan Ulreich from Germany’s University of Applied Sciences and commissioned by the International Chamber of Shipping.
The report found that to achieve the IEA’s Net Zero Emissions by 2050 scenario, the world would need an eighteen-fold increase in existing renewable production capacity. On the other hand, this highlights the ‘enormous opportunity’ for investors and governments represented by the global shipping industry’s need for new, green fuels.
Also read: Shipping calls on EU to promote green hydrogen and ammonia over biofuels
Production cost differentials
Taking the global trading of hydrogen as an exemplar, the report identified substantial potential benefits for exporting and importing countries, particularly in the Global South. This is due to the expected production cost differentials of such fuels across the world (expected range of EUR 72.60/MWh to EUR 156.40/MWh in 2050).
The cost range reflects the abundance of renewable potential, such as solar and wind power, in many African and Latin American countries, which can generate the electricity needed in the production of hydrogen fuels at much lower cost.
First movers
The report identified the first movers who are looking to seize these investment opportunities, including Germany, Algeria, and Chile, who have signed multiple bilateral agreements on the production of hydrogen fuels (seen as key for powering ships).
Unveiled at the World Ports Conference in Vancouver, Canada, “Fuelling the Fourth Propulsion Revolution” urgently calls for increased R&D in green fuels, and to specifically develop production infrastructure in key geographic locations such as Latin America and Africa.
Lack of investement
Estimates show a production potential of more than 10,000 TWh for (net) zero carbon fuels in coastal regions worldwide. Shipping views investment in these areas as key to helping countries realise the potential gains present in their bilateral agreements.
Also read: ‘The research is there, but who will invest in zero-emissions ships?’
Up to this point, there continues to be a lack of investment in zero-emission technologies, with the International Energy Agency (IEA) highlighting that the total amount of corporate R&D investment for maritime has decreased, from USD 2.7 billion in 2017 to USD 1.6 billion in 2019.
Yet by 2050, at least half of (net) zero fuels traded globally are expected to be moved by ships, according to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). Today’s report indicates that this makes maritime a key enabler of the decarbonisation of land-based industrial sectors.
Also read: ‘Producing enough green ammonia for shipping requires a USD 4.5 trillion investment’
Shipping to play vital role in energy transition
‘To meet the enormous demand for hydrogen-based fuels in the Global North, production centers in the Global South are urgently needed,’ says the report’s author, Prof. Dr. Stefan Ulreich of the University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Germany. ‘While governments are beginning to realise the need to transition to fuels like hydrogen, little thought to date seems to have been given to how they will actually transport those fuels. Shipping must be part of wider energy transition negotiations, and shipping and ports are going to need investment. But with this investment comes huge opportunity for return.’
Stuart Neil, Director of Strategy and Communications at the International Chamber of Shipping adds: ‘Shipping will be a key enabler of the global energy transition, providing cost effective and flexible solutions to transport at least half of the net zero carbon fuels traded around the world. A great deal is talked about the global energy transition to zero emission fuels outside of shipping. But what we have found in this report is that there is a tremendous opportunity for all.’
Also read: Port of Rotterdam investigates commercial import of hydrogen
