Masters and crew should be aware of the most efficient fire fighting methods on their ship and quickly be able to put these into practice. The Nautical Institute gives this advice in its latest Mars Report, in which a vessel sank after a scrap metal fire.
The Nautical Institute gathers reports of maritime accidents and near-misses. It then publishes these so-called Mars Reports (anonymously) to prevent other accidents from happening. A summary of this incident:
A general cargo vessel was loading scrap metal into both the forward and aft cargo holds. A loader was lowered into the aft cargo hold to smooth the heap of scrap metal in certain areas. At one point, the operator of the loader saw a small amount of white smoke rising from within the scrap heap in the port aft section of the hold. He immediately raised the alarm.
The shore fire department was called while crew prepared fire hoses. Soon, the loader operator – who was still in the hold – saw flames in the scrap heap. A few minutes later, crew were able to direct water jets from fire hoses onto the scrap metal heap. The loader operator evacuated the hold, leaving the arm of the loader extended above the hatch coaming. Local shore fire fighters arrived and took control of the fire fighting activities. Not long after, the crew were asked to evacuate the vessel for their safety.
The shore fire fighters decided, based on experience in past firefighting of ship fires, to use a protein foam spray delivered from a large aerial-platform chemical-spray fire truck. As they made preparations for the application of the protein foam spray, the vessel listed to port, and the firefighters on the vessel withdrew.
The fire continued to increase in size. About an hour after arriving, the shore fire fighters began spraying the protein foam into the aft cargo hold. This technique did not seem to have the desired effect and the shore firefighters asked the master for permission to continue to use water. Permission was granted, but some twelve hours later, after the application of copious amounts of water, the vessel sank alongside the berth. The fire was then declared extinguished.
Also read: Scrap metal causes fire while being loaded on board ship
Investigation findings
The investigation found, among other things, that the source of the fire was most likely to be a spark created by contact between metal objects, a battery, etc., in the scrap. The source then ignited combustible material mixed in the scrap (such as plastic, rubber, wood chips, paper). It was not possible to determine the exact origin of the fire.
The investigation also found that the master did not think to use the hold’s fixed CO2 firefighting equipment after the fire was first discovered. In fact, this was a moot point because the loader was left with its arm extended above the hatch coaming. This would have prevented the closing of the hold’s hatch, a necessary first step before releasing CO2.
Also read: Ship fires not decreasing and still a major cause of total loss
Advice from The Nautical Institute
- As seen in the previous Mars Report (202345), scrap metal, while intuitively innocuous and listed as noncombustible in the IMSBC Code, is nonetheless a fire risk.
- Reactions during an emergency are honed with training. Masters and crew should be aware of the most efficient fire fighting methods on their ship and quickly be able to put these into practice.
- Copious and uncontrolled amounts of water poured into a ship will cause a loss of stability and possibly the foundering of the vessel. This will, however, probably succeed in extinguishing any fire on board.
Mars Reports
This accident was covered in the Mars Reports, originally published as Mars 2023456 that are part of Report Number 372. A selection of the Mars Reports are also published in the SWZ|Maritime magazine. The Nautical Institute compiles these reports to help prevent maritime accidents. That is why they are also published (in full) on SWZ|Maritime’s website.
More reports are needed to keep the scheme interesting and informative. All reports are read only by the Mars coordinator and are treated in the strictest confidence. To submit a report, please use the Mars report form.
Also read: Cargo fire takes ten days to extinguish
