Don’t tolerate an unsafe situation against your own better judgment is the advice given by The Nautical Institute after a crew member died when he fell into the water at an unsafe berth. Despite the risks of the berth in question being known and discussed, nothing was really done to solve the problem.
The incident was covered in a recent Mars Report. These reports are compiled (anonymously) by The Nautical Institute to prevent other accidents from happening. A summary of this incident:
A tug was about to depart a berth that it often used. One crew member was on the dock to let go the lines. He was wearing a full set of personal protective equipment (PPE), including an auto-inflating lifejacket with a personal locator beacon (PLB) and crotch strap, which was fastened.
Once the lines had been let go aft, he went forward and released them. He then walked back towards the tug’s bulwark gate, which was now aligned with the center of a berth fender. The over-rider was damaged, and as he stepped over it and lowered himself onto the top of the fender, he fell into the water.
His lifejacket immediately inflated and he started to drift clear of the berth and tug with the tidal current. The tug’s master immediately moved the tug away from the berth and alerted local VTS of the accident. The victim was floating on his back about five metres off the tug’s port bow with his head out of the water.
Another crew member tried to throw him a rope, but the wind blew it back on board. A lifebuoy with a lifeline attached was thrown. After several attempts, it landed close to the victim, who put an arm through it.
The two crewmen then used the attached line to pull the victim to the foot of the tug’s port side rescue ladder and gate, which were located approximately midships. He had now been in the water for about five minutes and was able to hold on to the recessed ladder, but he was unable to climb up. The water was rough, with waves up to 2.5 metres high and a temperature of 4°C.
The crew attempted to use the man overboard (MOB) rescue sling. Although they managed to pull the victim out of the water as far as his waist they were unable to lift him further. Now, a crewman climbed down to the first rung of the ladder and held the victim with one hand. However, he was unable to sustain this position and climbed back on deck. Both crewmen held on to the pole of the rescue sling with its eye under the casualty’s arms. The victim was conscious and groaning, but did not speak.
About five minutes later (he had now been ten minutes in the water), he went limp and slipped from the eye of the rescue sling. The crew then went to the starboard side of the tug to prepare the tug’s “Jason’s Cradle” (water recovery device), but before they could fully rig the cradle, a harbour rescue boat arrived and recovered the victim.
As the victim displayed no signs of life, cardio-pulmonary resuscitation was undertaken as the rescue boat was taken to rendezvous with an ambulance. The victim was declared deceased on arrival at the hospital. The postmortem examination showed that the cause of death was cardiac arrest due to cold water immersion.
Investigation findings
Some of the findings of the official report were:
- Concerns regarding safe access to and from the tugs at this berth had been raised at safety committee meetings and during company inspections many times prior to this accident.
- Non-slip paint was applied to the fenders in 2014, following tug crews expressing their concerns about hazardous boarding practices at the berth. This had the effect of legitimising these practices.
- The crew had not been fully prepared to deal with the emergency situation, and were unfamiliar with the use of the tug’s MOB rescue sling.
- The records indicated that this crew held only one MOB drill in the last year.
Advice from The Nautical Institute
- Even a cursory view of the berth, with its uneven surfaces, broken over-rider and lack of hand-holds, indicates the area is not suitable for boarding. It would appear the crew were tolerating this situation against their own better judgment as this issue was raised at safety meetings. If you think something is unsafe, do not relent; make it safe.
- Beware of half-measures, such as the application of non-slip paint in this instance. When applying risk reduction measures, always make risks As Low As Reasonably Possible (ALARP).
- Practising man overboard (MOB) events develops critical skills you may need to save a life.
Mars Reports
This accident was covered in the Mars Reports, originally published as Mars 202025, that are part of Report Number 331. A selection of this Report has also been published in SWZ|Maritime’s June 2020 issue. The Nautical Institute compiles these reports to help prevent maritime accidents. That is why they are also published on SWZ|Maritime’s website.
More reports are needed to keep the scheme interesting and informative. All reports are read only by the Mars coordinator and are treated in the strictest confidence. To submit a report, please use the Mars report form.
