ABS has developed advanced simulation modelling of thermal runaway in lithium-ion battery fires, in a critical step forward in tackling one of maritime’s biggest emergent safety risks.
The model, which has now been validated with Texas A&M University research, replicates the thermal runaway profile at the battery cell level, unlocking detailed insight into the total heat released and guiding the appropriate firefighting response.
The batteries that power electric vehicles pose unique fire risks, particularly thermal runaway. Lithium-ion battery fires can be difficult to extinguish, burn at extremely high temperatures, generate flammable and toxic gases, and may reignite even after being seemingly controlled. A recent succession of devastating fires on board vessels transporting electric vehicles has highlighted the urgent need to address the issue.
‘Runaway electric vehicle (EV) fires can reach temperatures of 650°C or higher and present unprecedented safety challenges to the shipping industry, which connects manufactured vehicles to global markets,’ says Christopher J. Wiernicki, ABS Chairman and CEO. ‘ABS is at the forefront of the industry’s response to this, which requires a blend of advanced technology, safety excellence and shipping insight. Developing the ability to accurately predict the behaviour of these fires is a perfect example of this and will be a foundation of the ultimate solution.’
Also read: Car carrier Morning Midas sinks after fire
Best practices and advisory
ABS offers both an enhanced fire protection notation EFP-C(EV) in the ABS Marine Vessel Rules, which provides criteria for additional fire protection arrangements in RoRo cargo spaces intended to carry electric vehicles as well as the Best Practices for the Transport of Electric Vehicles Advisory, which includes additional advice. ABS is also funding advanced research with partners around the world, including at the Laboratory for Ocean Innovation, at Texas A&M University, where battery fire prevention and response is one of eight research priorities.
The ABS Guide for Enhanced Fire Protection Arrangements is available to download here. The advisory Best Practices for the Transport of Electric Vehicles On Board Vessels is available to download here.
Picture (top): A Coast Guard C-130J Super Hercules aircrew from Air Station Kodiak conducts an overflight of the fire aboard the cargo vessel Morning Midas approximately 300 miles south of Adak, Alaska, June 3, 2025 (US Coast Guard photo, courtesy of Air Station Kodiak).
Also read: Brine-based fire suppression for EV fires sails the Atlantic
